Census in Nigeria

Nigeria's census history dates back to 1866, when the British colonial government conducted the first census in the Lagos Colony.¹ Since then, the country has conducted several censuses, but the process has often been marred by controversy and allegations of data manipulation for political purposes.

# History of Censuses in Nigeria

- *1866*: The first census was conducted in the Lagos Colony.

- *1911*: The census covered the Southern Nigeria Protectorate, but its coverage was limited.

- *1921*: The first nationwide census was conducted.

- *1952/53*: The last census under British rule was staggered over two years.

- *1962*: The first census after independence was conducted, but its results were contested.

- *1963*: A second census was conducted, but its results were also disputed.

- *1973*: The census results were not published due to allegations of data manipulation.

- *1991*: The National Population Commission conducted the census.

- *2006*: The last successfully recorded census was conducted.

# Recent Developments

The 2023 census was Nigeria's first digital census, aiming to increase accuracy and efficiency.² The National Population Commission has been working to improve the census process, including the use of technology and geographic information systems (GIS) to demarcate enumeration areas.

# Challenges and Controversies

Despite efforts to improve the census process, challenges and controversies persist. Allegations of data manipulation and inflation of population figures for political gain have been common in Nigeria's census history.